Pulsator



Nov. 3, 1931. H. M CORNACK 1,329,907

PULSATOR Filed Oct. 15, 1923 '2 Sheets- -Sheet 1 ll HUM,

7/ v 28 72 E; WYIAZVENTOR A TTORNE YS Nov. 3, 1931. I H. MO'CQRNACK 1,829,907

PULSATOR Filed Oct. 15, 1923 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 III A TTOR/VE VS I Patented Nov. 3,' 193li ,r

PATENT OFFICE it nboonimox or GLEN meannw'mnsmr VPULSATOR abpii atibnfiieqlofct ber 1923., Serial nascent.

' This invention: relates" to pulsa'tors 'of the j type usedin cowmi'lking machinery to'cau se alternate periods of suction andwpressure 1n r the teat cups so as-to massage-andrelieve the s teats, preventing congestion thereof and continuous drain upon or injuryto theeow Itisone of the objects of thlS lIlVGIItIOHtO i provide'a pulsator of simple construction and fewer parts thanheretofore so as to improve 1' the operationand reduce the cost thereof;

"Sired'puls'ation'sr I p -An'other object of; the invention is to provide' a pulsatorwhic'h will-operate regula l to change the direction of fiuid flowfreg'ar olle ss' of reasonable: variations in the pressure ofjthe actuating fluid or of {the degree :of; I v y r mairbemg thus constantly exhausted fromthe va'cuumlus'edg I Another object of"thefinvention is-toprm H, vid'e a pulsator which'iis" actuated by alter V nate conditions of atmospheric pressure and vacuum upon one side ofa motor element T while the-'other'fside subject'to a continuou'syacuu n; f s; 1 v V further objectof theinvention' is to provide' a pulsator inwhich a: flexible diaphragm v 1 is'actuated by 'variations in' the pressure 11 on V one-"side thereof to oause the desired pusations, and in'whichrth'e diaphragm isdirectly connected to" valve-means which are-actuated I by the pulsations?oftli'e diaphragm to control the variations inpressiireintheteat clips and uponthe sideofthediaphragm;' "Other objectsand advantages will appear as the description proceeds; w i vThe invention disclosed 'hereinliisfin the nature of" gin improvement on the pulsating mechanism of my Patent N o. 1,392,346; is-

sued Qctober 4, 1921; i ii:

: "Referring now. to the" drawings illxlu t pl' fil'ifed femhodimentsofpth vention. I: p r

I ig e: 1" is a viewgoi the preferred position.

showing the parts in'one position of thepulsating cycle. 7 1

Figure. 3 is a similar view showing the parts inanother position; j

Figure 4 is a" sectional view of a modified 5 form of check valve. I

Figure 5 is a plan View on the line 5--5'of Figure 6 of a'modified form'of pulsatori igure '6 is a sectional view of the modifi cation illustrating one position ofthe parts. Figure'q'is' a View similar to 6 but'on "an enlarged scale with the parts in another In the embodimentof the'invention illustrated inf'Figs. 1 to 3, thepulsat'or is shown 5 asapplied to the lid 1 of a' milk pail, the lid being-provided with an'upstanding nipple 2 over which sets the check'valve casmg of the pulsator. The checkvalve casing-3 is I :provided with the nozzle 4 to which the usual 7 vacuum hose (not shown) isconnected, the

check valve housingjand through the'hole in the nipple 2, from 'the' milk -pail.' Posi- --tioned in thecheckvalvecasingis a check 7:5 'valve 5 which is held open duringthe milkingoperation ,by the vacuumyand which is returned to its'seat on. the end of nipple 2 to prevent azloss of vacuum in the pail, when I the vacuum hose is disconnected.' 7

T To prevent the check valve 5' from falling out ofthe casing whenthe pulsator is removed from the pail lid,a retaining screw '6 may be provided. This is of: advantage in prevent- ,ing theva1ve 5 from droppinglon the :floor s5 beadvisableto omit thescrew 6 vfrom'the ase seriiblzige, as shown in 4, so that the valve will drop out and bewas e'd when the pulsa tor is removed from the lid, thereby. not trusting to the-attendants memory to release the screw. and take out the valve at frequent intervals. P

- I A forniofvalve which may be used-in this i modification is illustrated in Fig. 4, which shows a. check valve in which the inner portion 5, usually of some soft metal, such as brass, is surrounded by a collar 5 of harder metal which may be steel for example. In use, the steel collar,iwl1ich is wider than the 'part 5 wil1.project down around the edges of the nipple2 so that only' the softer part of the valve will touch the nipple. If, however, h

the valve is accidently dropped upon a hard surface, the hard-"collar 5 will protectthe in: nor portion from injury. r A suitable gasket 8 or other sealing means is provided to prevent the leakage of air,

around the edge of thecasing '8.

;-,I n the;useof the device asa pulsatorfor double chambered teat cups, theinnerchanh b'ers ofzthe teat: cups ;(njot shown) are: con- 1 nected to the pailso thatthe vacuum in the ipa-iljcontinuously tends. to draw the milk from the teats into the pail. Theouterf chambers ofi-theteat cups are connected byitubes (not shown);to;the;nipples Qofthepulsator which,

' bythe mechanisrntobe described, causes alternate eriods ofvacuum and atmosphericpressure 1n, "the outer chambers of the teat cups, which 7 causes the flexible cup liningsto 8X4 pand and contract to massage and r-elievethe teats ina well.understoodmannen;

:1 he pulsatoriipropercomprisesapulsator casing .10 preferablyintegral with' the; check valvefcasingj3 andiopen atxboth' ends. a The hipplesr9 communicate with the casing 10 at Hand a passage '12 'connect's the pulsator casingwithfthe check-:valve-casing'3" and the source ofvacuum. a 1 The-lower end of thecasing 10is'closed by screw threadedcup=13 which is liollowon i the inside to provide a chamber l lgthe pure pose of whichgwill. be. described later. Be

' -tween-the inner end cofflthe cup13 and the i shoulder :15 of;the,casing 10, a pliable diaphragm 16, whichmay be of leather,- rubber ,or'some suitablafabrimis inserted and firmly clamped atits edges. The centerof the dia-' v ;ph'rag'm carries the valve mechanism which in the specific form I'illustratedcomprises a :lower disc 16 with a: tubular stem 17 j which proJectS upwardtthrough a hole inhthe diaphragm, andan upper disc 18'provided with a tubular portionl9,iwhich;slips over the stem 17 to permit the disc 18 to ngage-theatre: 'surface of the diaphragm. The two.- discs16 and ram held upon'either" side. ofQthe i'dia; phragmfby the" valve adjusting screw '20 which. screws into the upper end of tubular 17 and compresses the .spring21between the head of the screw andthe top of tube site sides of the-diaphragm.

V 9 topress the disc's 'ifirmly against the oppo- .The lo" e17 end" ofathe" stem 17 is'perforated gtoprov ide a port;22= into theuchamberl l'.

This port is partially closed by the end of'the screw;2Owh1ch, '1n cooperation with the a seat 23, acts as a valve to control the to and from the chamber 14; r

The airin passing to and from the chamber 14 goes through the holes 24 in the walls of stem 17 and the annular groove 25 and passage of air 'holes 26 in the outer tube 19 into the interior of the pulsator casing lO-whiehis divided by the d-iaphragm16 andth elval'v e seat 31 into the vchamber 14 previously described, 1lie vacuum chamber 28 into which opens the passage 12 and the pulsation chamber-J27. into which opens the port 33 to the atmosphere, thenipples 9 t0 the'teat cups and the holes thecap' 33 which is screwedinto the upper 7 end ofthe casingfllO; gThe seat32 surrounds the, atmospheric port ,33 ii1 the cap. A screenor mar 34 forpre'venting the entrance of dirtgorf the like into,the:pulsator when the valvefifliis opened isprovided-in the cap-33. 7 111 the; operation of .th'e device, starting from the position illustrated in-Figi 2, it will be seen that the ,"suction which continuously eXistsgin chambe'riQS is communicated past the open; valve-2.91m the pulsation; chamber QZtQ-themipples; 9. and; thence; tosthe outer: jchallfllOfifs of th'eJteat cup'sj,to expandorsdraw .outthe walls of the cups. At thesametime thesuction temporarily existing in thechamber 27. draws; the, air from they ,chamberi 14 through hole .522 intotubu-lar stem'-17,:and

outlthroughgholes, 24 and 26 into the chamher '27, thence out through the port'12c and the suction nozzle 4; The rate at-awhich the air-is exhausted from theflchamber- 14' may be controlled by varying the distance between theendof-- thevalve screw'2O and the seat 23. 5 After predetermined time," depending upon .thej adjustment of 1 the valve screw 20, the air, in-chamber' 1&5 is evacuated to such an exten t' that the;;atInOSpheric pressure acting upon; the fvalve 30 --f0r ces the 5 diaphra'm" to flex, openvalve 30and c1ose valve 29.-as shown .in Fig.:8. f ltlistobe noted here thatthe quick seating of valve. 29 is insured bythe rush ofair at I atmospheric pressure through the port83ft'into the, chamber 27. which due to theg fivacuum in chamber 28 instantly l car ries th'ejvalve'29'to its seat; The quick seating .of, the valves is 1 facilitated I by making the lift ofthfe valves ver psmau, which be done while still obtaining sufiicieii't port age, owing to the large circumference of the -valves.*;'ln-a pulsatorsu'ch as illustrated a valve lift of one sixty-fourth of an inch ordinarily will be sufficient. J In the'drawings -thewmovem'ent 'ofthevalve parts and ilia:

phrag'mis shown on a somewh'atexaggerated scalei forclearne'ss of illustration. The close -ing'of valve 29 euts ofi' the'vacuum fromthe chamber 2:7. and at the-same time permitsthe V 7 air entering through the port '33 {-to flow" through thenipples 9 to. the.:outerchambers V 0f the teatcups, -wher'e, thenatmospheric priessure infitheouter chambersjand thevacuum -?9 t v a -to collapse andcompresstheteats; At the sametimef the incoming air, flows through in the inner chambers causes the cup linings theholes 26 and 24 into, thej stein l7 and through theport 22 .intojthe chamber l l.

, A -fteran interval of timeydepending' upon theiadjustment of the valve screw the pressure-in thechamber 14 againjbuilds up towards/. atmospheric}andthe difference in pressuredue to the vacuum in'cliamber28 i a d m vement,thus pro i g a jvalve v29 ragainst flthe atmosphericpressure,

inthe chamberlt'and theelasticity otthe ,ai'rjwhi'ch has accumulated in the chamber the valves will be quickly carried to the limit con plete,and rapid, reversal of the air flow.

,By properlyproportioning the parts, parti'ci l'arly, the relative diameters of the valve 29'andfdi'aphragm, the pe riods during which "the diaphragm and valves occupy oneor the a other ofthe illustrated positions maybe variedfsoastoprovide'for a-longer or shorter application of atmospheric; pressure or vacuumito the outerv chambers of the teat cups.

I prefer-to make these periods substantially tions substantially as illustrated. a

In the embodiment illustrated in Figs' 5 to 7, the check orireducing valve is shaped with a-skirt portion 55 whichfit's' down over equal and this is accomplished with-proporthe "nipple 2 of the milk pail lid'l and with adapted to be closed at its'lowe'r end bv'the:

'aconical projectionj5 5 v which fitsinto the opening @of V nipple 2' to form a seal for the vacuuminithe pail." The pulsatorcasingfidis open at 'bothe-nds as in' Figs. l-to hfand is screwthreaded cup 57, whichiis-hollowed out to formitlie chamber. 58, andto becl d. at its J P Je ib i ez r w' ar 9- ip bl causes the diaphragm tol-iftagain to the first position.-;Thiscycle is regularly repeated,' the frequency of the reversals being diaphragm. 60: isheld at its edges between the'cup5j7 and the shoulder 61 of the pulsator and carries at its center a tubular stem 62which is firmly held on the diaphragm by the nut 63 and shoulder 65 between which the the diaphragm.

Near its lower end the bore of the 'valve stem, 62. is reduced at 66to provide a valve seat which cooperateswith the lower end of washers filare pressed against each side of screw. 67 to regulate theflow of air to and i from. the chamber 58. v

Thestem 62 isalso provided upon the outside. with a shoulder 68-upon whichthe valve 69 is supported. The valve 69 comprises a supporting disc 7 O, a gasket7l which may be leather, rubber or the like, and: a' backing plate 72. The surface ofthe plate 72 is. provided with beads or elevations 7-3 which serve to space the valve '7t'i'rom the valve 69.

The valve 74 consists of a supporting or backing plate75 and a suitable gasket76. Both the valves 69 and 74 are held uponythe stem 62 by the collar 77 which is pushed downward upon the stem by the valve screw 67, screwed into the upper end of the stem 62 andby the spring 7 Sbetwjeeri the head of the screw and the top of the collar 77.

g Screens7 9 and 80 are provided in the top of plug 59w keep the dust and dirt out of the pulsator. a p In the operation of thisembodlment, which is similar to that'of the embodiment shown in Fig. 6, the air is drawnthrough .thenipples 9, chambers 27 and 28, and'passage12 to the suction nozzle 4-, to exhaust the outer chamber of the teat cups and expand the cup linings. At the same time the air isalso drawn from the chamber 58 through stem 62 andholes 81 intocha-mber 27, toevacuate the chamber:58. hen the air. pressure in the chamber 58 is reduced to .a certain value, the@at1nospheric pressure on valve 74 will force the diaphragm down to the position of Fig. 7 to close the valve 69 and cut off the vacnumjfrom chamber 27 and to open the valve 7i to admitthe air at atmosphericpressure to the chamber 27 and nipples 9 to contract Figsfl to 3; starting fromthe position of Asth ichanges in the positionof the dia phragm and other. parts of the pulsator depend upon the reduction orbuilding :upfoi in described, I have provided'a pulsator in, which a pliable diaphragm is actuated solely theipressure in chamber58, it is obvious'that therateof pulsations can be controlled-by controlling the passage of air to and rrom the. chamber .58 by means of: the valve "screw 6, and the valve seat66;

t will beseen .that,by the i vention here by differences in the fluid pressure upon op:

: pressure at each'sidethereofto actuate the motor element and move the valve means, and means utlhzlng fluid ipressuretoprevent' means to the posite-sides of the diaphragm to cause regular'and uniform pulsations .W'h1le,as stated, the invention is especially useful vas -a pulsator *formilking machines, it maybe employed also for other purposes to which a pulsator of this character is applicable.

Various modifications can be {made in the embodiment shown, and pertain features, of the device may be used 'withoutothers without departing from the spirit of the invention or the scope of the following claims which are intended to claim'the invention as broadly as thestate of the prior art will permit. 1 p

What Iclaim' is:

luIn a fluid operated pulsator, valve means, -a"motor element, means to vary the actuation of the valve means in either direc t1on until the pressure d fference uponopposite sides of the motor element exceeds a'predeterminedminimum, so as to insure com plete and rapid reversals of the pulsating fluid, controlled by the valve means." Qfiln a 'fluidjoper'ated pulsator for milk;

ing machines or the like, valve means, a pliable diaphragm for operating the valve means, means "to vary the pressure'opposite the diaphragm to cause flexing thereof, and

means utilizing. fluid pressure to prevent the flexing: until the pressure difference upon opposite sides of a the diaphragm is sufficient to cause complete flexing to carry the valve limit of its movement in either direction. 5 v

3. In a vacuum operated ,pulsatormecha- 'nism, the combination of a valve for controllingthe action'o'f the vacuum,said valve when closed being subjected to the vacuum on one side and to a greater pressure on the other side, and means operated by an unbalanced pressure condition produced by the vacuum and atmosphere for actuating said valve, themovement of said means being opposed by the pressureon said valve greater than the vacuumso as to insure complete opening of the valve when such pressure'has been overcome and the-"movement; of the valve is started. i j 4. In a fluid operated pulsator for milking machinesand the like, the combination of a casinghaving therein a vacuum'chamber, a

pulsation chamber and an air reservoir, a

' pliable diaphragm forming a wall between said vacuumchamber and saidair reservoir, a puppet valve 7 operatively connected with said diaphragm and adapted to'openand close communication between said pulsation and vacuum'oh'ambers, and means providing pulsatlon chamber 7 when said valve is closed being opposed by atmospheric pressure on theoutside" ofsaid valve until the pressure difference foract'u 'ati-ngthe motor element has become sufiiciently great'to move the valve against such atmospheric pressure, the initial movement ofthe valve from itsseatserving to admit air to the vacuum chamber and therebyfto cause a complete 'throw of the motor element and valve as soon asthe seal between the valve and'its seat is broken. I

6. In apulsator for'milking machinesand the like; a"pulsatingdiapl1ragm, a vacuum chamberon one side thereof, and-anair reservoir upon the; other side, and automatic means actuated solely by the diaphragm for varying the pressureinthe reservoirto cause pulsationsof the diaphragm..

" In a pulsator 'for milkin machines, and the l1ke,-a pliable diaphragm, a valvecarried thereby, avacuum chamber uponone side ofthe diaphragm andanair reservoirl'upon theother s de, means to subject the reservoir to atmospherlc pressure to cause upwardpuL satijon's 'in the diaphragm and mean's to sub} j ect the reservoir to a vacuum to cause downwardipulsations, said downward pulsations being produced partially by the atmospheric pressure upon the valve'carried by thefdiaphragmrv.

8. In a'pulsator'for milking machines and the like, a pliable diaphragm; ar valvecan ried thereby,a vacuum chamber upon" one side of the diaphragm and an airreservoir upon the other side, 'means'to subjectthe reservoirto atmospheric pressurejto cause upward pulsations in the f diaphragm, and

7 means to subject the reservoir to a vacuum to cause; downward pulsatlons, an opening through which the controlling'fluid'flow's to and from the [reservoir to cause the pulsa tions, and means to control the size of the opening to vary the rate of flowtdahdfrom the reservoir and therebycontrol the rate of Dulsations, p f f I 9; 'In affiuidjoperated pulsator for milking machines and the'like a cas ing having' a chambe'r'therein alternately subjected to vacuum and atmospheric pressure, said chain I through which the fluid flows to and from ageeepov Eberhaving two ports opening thereinto and 1 two valves therein arranged to close their resp-ective ports alternately, .andamotor ele ment connectedtosaid valvesand actuated by differences of pressure to which it is subjected, the atmospheric pressure in said chamber when said chamber is subjected to atmospheric pressure, acting upon one of said valves to oppose movement of saidvalves, and motor element and the atmospheric pres-j sure outside of said chamber acting upon the other of said valves when said chamber issubjected to a vacuum, to induce movement of said valves and motor element.

10- In av fluid operated pulsator for milk-, ing machines and the" like, a pliable diaphragm, a vacuum' chamber upon one side I thereofand' fluid reservoir upon the other,

and a double" valve connected to the diaphragm and controlled'by thejpulsations 11 In a fluid-operated pulsator for milking-machines, and thelike, a pliable diaphragm, a vacuum chamber upon one side 7 thereof and fluid reservoir upon the other,

the fluid reservoir.

and a double valve connected to the pulsator and movable therewith to control theoperating fluid, and a hollow stem in the valve 12. In a fluid operated pulsatorfor milking machines, and the -*like, a pliable dia-" phragm, a vacuum chamber upon one side thereof and a fluid reservoir'upon the other, a

1 double valve connectedto the pulsator and movable therewith to control the operating fluid, a hollow stem in the valve through which the fluid flows to and from the fluid reservoir, and means to control the rate'of 13. In a pulsator,thecombinationof aptable diaphragm, means causing a continuous vacuum to act upon fone sidethereof and 1 means for causing variations in the pressure upon the other sid'e'to move the diaphragm,-

a valve actuated "by said diaphrag a d meansto resist movementgof the diaphragm untiljthe difference in pressure uponthe op-- 'posite sides thereof is sufficient tov carry the :valve through a complete movement.

14. In a pulsator, the combination of acas ing having a chamber'int-he lower part thereof, and a tubular bore, a diaphragmmounted transversely of said chamber, a valve stem extending upwardly through said bore, the lower end of said'valve stem engaging'said diaphragm, said bore having a pair of valve seats therein dividing the same into a suction v chamber, and a pulsator chamber, a poppet valve fixedly mounted on said valve stem and adapted to seat upwardly against the upper of said valve'seats, a second puppet valve fixedlymounted on said valve I stem and cating with said chamber and adaptdd-to seat downwardly on the lower pf said valve: seats',= and a' fluid connection be- I tweeniisaid pulsation ichamber and said diaphr agme chamber;

- r1116; In aY-fiuid :operated for milk-,.

ingmnchihes, and .tli'e like, a diaphragrmfa suction chamber 0110116 side anda fluid reser- -voir'npgon' the OtlIGIaSlCle :of the diaphragm,

means to cause variations in the fluid pressurefin the reservoirtocause pulsations in'the diaphragmand (a. hole through fthe dia phragm l zthroughr whicliithe pressure fluid flows to and from the reservoir.

16; In a fluid operated pulsator for milkvoir upon the other side of the diaphragm,

-me'ans to cause variations in the fluid presanism comprising the combination of the diaphragm having a hole therein, chambers at 111g machines, and the like, a diaphragm, a suct1on chamber on one side and a fluid reseropposite sides of the diaphragm, a tubular stem fixed tov the diaphragm and extending through said hole, a valve fixed on said tubular stem and adjusting means for regulating the leakage of air through said tubular stem from one side ofthe diaphragm to the other.. Y

18. In a fluid operated pulsator for milking machines and the like, the combination of a casing having a chamber therein, a controlling mechanism comprising a flexible diaphragm forming one wall of said chamber, a hollow stem carried by said diaphragm having an adjustable leak therein communivalve means actuated by said stem.

19. Ina pulsator for milking machines and the like, the combination of a diaphragm carrying a tubular stem which projects through a hole in the diaphragm, a disc on the other-side of the diaphragm provided with atubular element which fits over the stem and means for holding the discs against the diaphragm comprising a screw threaded intothestem and a spring between the head of the screw and the end of the tubular element, the tubular element carrying a pair of valves and communication between the valves to the interior of the first tubular element'.

20. In a fluid operated pulsator for milk ing machines and the like, a casing having a pulsation chamber, a vacuum chamber and an air reservoir therein, a movable motor.

tie

ran

"munication between' said pulsation chamberelement when pressures on opposite sides of 7 and the atmosphere,.the atmospheric: pres- 7 ,sure on saidivalve whenclosed acting to in- I 'lucemovement ofisaid Valve and the motor said motor element 'are substantially equal 'ized. f In' testimony whereof Ihave a signature to this specification.

ed rhy it HERBERT MQOORNACKi; g 

